A short block is when we assemble the crank and cam into the two case halves.
We then install the oil pump, sump plate and flywheel. When the flywheel is installed we
apply Loctite and torque the gland nut. This a short block with the rods hanging out.
The short block has no P&L’s or heads.

The short block shown is setup for full flow.

This would be the stating point to install the P&L’s (piston & liners).
And then the heads, push rod tubes, push rods, rockers, valve covers and bails.
At this point you would have a long block.